Hydrogen. This element participates in the formation of proteins, hydrocarbons, fats, enzymes and other bioorganic compounds that perform structural and regulatory functions. When hydrogen reacts with oxygen a molecule of water is formed. Water is the major constituent of living matter. Hydrogen bonds ensure replication of a DNA molecule which passes genetic data from generation to generation. Body content about 10%. (a 70 kg human body would contain 7 kg of hydrogen). This element is a permanent constituent of every cell in the body. Amount in shilajit 6.14-6.21%. A daily water requirement is 1-1.5 ml for each calorie of food, or 2-3 liters a day.

Lithium. The element changes conductivity of nerve fibers. As lithium resembles sodium, the two elements substitute each other and have similar properties in the organism. Body content 70 mg. The element is distributed in the muscles, liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, blood, and breast milk. Amount in shilajit up to 0.19 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 5-10 mg.

Beryllium. Participates in the regulation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, helps maintain immunological status of the organism. Body content 0.4-40 0g. It is distributed in blood, bone and muscular tissues, and cardiac muscle. The element is deposited in lungs, liver, lymph nodes, and bones. Amount in shilajit 0.001-0.002 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 10-20 0g.

Boron. Enhances insulin performance, helps slow the loss of calcium from the bones, stimulates production of sex hormones, participates in RNA biosynthesis in liver. Body content has not been studied. The distribution in the body has not been studied. Amount in shilajit 2.3 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.

Carbon is a constituent of every organic compound (hydrocarbons, proteins, fats, DNA, RNA, hormones, amino acids of both amino and carboxyl groups). It participates in almost all biochemical processes in the organism. Body content: about 21% (a 70 kg human body would contain 15 kg of carbon). Carbon composes 2/3 of the muscle weight and 1/3 of bone tissue weight. Amount in shilajit 57-57.5% mg/100 g.

Nitrogen participates in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing “building blocks” – amino acids which are crucial for biosynthesis of hormones, vitamins, transmitters, pigments and nucleic acids. Body content about 3% of the body mass. This element is a permanent constituent of all organs and tissues in the body. Amount in shilajit 4.7-5.8%.

Fluorine prevents dental caries, stimulates hematopoiesis and restorative processes, stimulates immune reactions, participates in the growth of skeletal structure. Fluorine also prevents age-related osteoporosis. Body content 2-3 g. 96% of the entire fluorine is found in the skeletal structure, and teeth. Amount in shilajit 3mg/100 g. Daily requirement 2-4 mg.

Sodium maintains acid/alkali balance, osmotic homeostasis, regulates water balance, transmits nerve impulses, participates in the action of enzymes and muscle fibers. Body content 70-100 g. 60% of the entire sodium in the body is found in extracellular fluid. It is distributed throughout the body and can be found in blood serum, cerebrospinal fluid, digestive juice, bile, kidneys, skin, lungs and brain. A great amount is concentrated in bone tissue. Amount in shilajit 20-25 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 4-5 g.

Magnesium participates in activation of nerve cells, muscle fibers, and enzymes. It also boosts the action of alkaline phosphatase. Body content 20-30 g. 50% of the entire magnesium is distributed in the skeletal structure. Amount in shilajit 40-80 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 0.4-0.5 g.

Aluminum participates in the formation of protein and phosphate complexes, it also participates in the regeneration of bone, connective and epithelial tissues. Depending on its concentration, aluminum inhibits or boosts activity of digestive enzymes. It also affects the functions of parathyroid glands. Body content 30-50 mg. It is distributed in the bones, liver, lungs and grey substance of the brain. Amount in shilajit 20-30 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 5-50 mg.

Silicon takes part in the development and functioning of connective and epithelial tissues, collagen biosynthesis and formation of bone tissue. It is necessary for normal lipid metabolism. It prevents lipids from getting into blood plasma and form deposits on the walls of arteries. Body content has not been studied. It is distributed in bronchopulmonary lymph nodes, crystalline lens, muscular membrane of intestine and stomach, pancreas, and skin. Amount in shilajit 200 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 20-30 mg.

Phosphorus serves as a construction material for teeth and bones. It is also a constituent of high-energy compounds and nucleic acids. Body content 500-800 g. 80% of the entire phosphorus in the body is found in the skeletal structure. Amount of phosphorus in shilajit 4-6 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 1.2 g.

Sulfur is a component of amino acids (methionine, cysteine), thus it is a part of proteins and peptides, coenzymes (coenzyme A, lipoic acid), vitamins (biotin, thiamine), glutathione and others. Sulfur plays an important role in formation and catalytic action of numerous enzymes. It participates in the maintenance of spatial structure of protein molecules. It can create energy-rich bonds in high-energy compounds. It also has antibacterial and antiparasitic effects. It is a constituent of all body proteins. Amount in shilajit 1.32 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 10 mg/day.

Chlorine participates in the regulation of osmotic pressure and production of gastric acid. Body content 80-100 g. 90% of chlorine in the body is concentrated in intracellular fluid. Amount of chlorine in shilajit up to 10 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 5-7 g.

Potassium participates in the regulation of osmotic pressure, activation of enzymes, collagen synthesis, muscle contraction, incl. the heart muscle, transmitting of nerve impulses. It also participates in the metabolism reactions. Body content 150 g. 90% of the entire potassium in the body is found in intracellular fluid. It is distributed throughout the body and can be found in liver, kidneys, heart, bone tissue, muscles, blood, brain, etc. Amount in shilajit 100-200 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 3-4 g.

Calcium participates in activation of nerve cells, muscle fibers, and blood coagulation. It activates enzymes, serves as a construction material for teeth and bones. Body content 1000-1500 g. 99% of the entire calcium in the body is distributed in the bones and teeth. The other one percent is found in the free form. Amount in shilajit 100-300 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 0.8-1.0 g.

Scandium. The biological effect, body content and distribution have not been studied. Amount in shilajit 0.01 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.

Titanium participates in the formation of epithelial and bone tissues, and hematopoiesis. Titanium is capable of protecting the body from short wave UV radiation. Body content 9 mg. It is distributed in the lungs and lymph nodes. Amount in shilajit 2.5 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 0.85 mg.

Vanadium stimulates hematopoiesis, activates phospholipids oxidation, and influences the permeability of mitochondrial membranes. It also affects inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, and contributes to the accumulation of calcium salts in the bones. Vanadium increases the resistance of teeth to caries. Alongside with insulin it regulates the level of blood sugar. The body content 0.1 mg. Vanadium is distributed in the bones, teeth and fatty tissue. Amount in shilajit 0.08 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 186-460 0g.

Chromium serves as a regulator of synthesis of fats and hydrocarbon metabolism. It also regulates heart muscle contraction and functions of vascular system. Chromium contributes to conversion of excessive hydrocarbons to fats. It also helps carry toxins, salts of heavy metals, and radionuclides out of the body. Chromium helps maintain structural integrity of the molecules of nucleic acids. Alongside with insulin it regulates the level of blood sugar and enhances insulin performance. Chromium is a constituent of proteolytic enzymes. Body content 6-12 mg. This element is a permanent constituent of all organs and tissues in the body. It is distributed in the liver, kidneys, intestine, thyroid gland, cartilaginous and bone tissues, skin and in the lungs (if chromium is present in the air). Amount in shilajit 0.6 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 200-500 0g.

Manganese constitutes enzymes. It also affects the development of skeletal structure, growth, reproduction, hematopoiesis, and lipid, hydrocarbon and pigment metabolism. It participates in the synthesis of immunoglobulins, cholesterol, glycosaminoglycans in cartilaginous tissue. It also takes part in tissue respiration and vitamin A metabolism. Body content 10-40 mg. The element is distributed in the skeletal structure, pituitary gland and other organs. Most of manganese is stored in liver. Amount in shilajit up to 0.8 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 5-10 mg.

Iron participates in redox reactions, transporting of oxygen and immunobiological correlations. Iron is a constituent part of hemoglobin, myoglobin and several respiratory chain enzymes. Body content 4-5 g. The element is concentrated in the spleen, liver, and blood plasma. The largest amount, 69 percent, is found in the muscles and red blood cells. Amount of iron in shilajit 12-15 g/100 g. Daily requirement 10-18 mg.

Cobalt has a favorable effect on nitrogen anabolism, carbohydrates metabolic processes, and iron intestinal absorption. Alongside with vitamin B12 cobalt takes part in nucleic acids metabolism, and also in muscle protein synthesis, and hematopoiesis. Cobalt also boosts the action of alkaline phosphatase. Body content 1-2 mg. The element is distributed in the kidneys, blood, spleen, bones, ovaries, pituitary gland, liver and other organs. Amount in shilajit 0.05 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 100-200 0g.

Nickel affects hematopoiesis, activates certain enzymes, selectively inhibits many RNAs, and participates in pigmentation. The body content has not been studied. It is distributed in the hair, skin and ectodermal organs. Amount in shilajit 0.02 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.

Copper constitutes blood proteins and certain enzymes. It affects growth, development, reproduction, metabolism, formation of hemoglobin, and pigmentation. It enhances phagocytic activity of the white blood cells, and anabolism. Copper stimulates hematopoiesis and participates in tissue respiration, vitamin A metabolism, inactivation of insulinase, bone formation and synthesis of connective tissue. Body content 80-100 mg. Copper is stored primarily in the muscles (45%), liver (20%), skeletal structure (20%). Amount in shilajit 0.03 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 2 mg.

Zinc. Due to its affinity with enzymes, hormones and vitamins, zinc has a considerable influence on the fundamental vital processes, such as, hematopoiesis, reproduction, growth and development of organism, protein, nucleic acids, fats and carbohydrates metabolic processes. It activates enzymes, lymphocytes, and pituitary hormones. It also enhances biological effect of insulin and has a beneficial effect on regeneration and healing of tissues, and alkaline phosphatase. Body content 1-2 g. 90% of the entire zinc in the body is distributed in red blood cells. It is mostly stored in liver, prostate gland, retina, pituitary gland, and pancreas. Amount in shilajit 0.1-5 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 10-15 mg.

Gallium prevents resorption of bone tissue related to metabolism of parathormone, thyroxine and interleukin-1-B. It also inhibits osteoclast activity. Body content 0.01-0.06 0g/g. It is stored in pituitary gland. It is deposited in bone tissue and liver. Amount in shilajit 0.008 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.

Germanium. Organic compounds of this bioelement have antitumor, antianemic and immunomodulatory properties. Body content has not been studied. It is distributed evenly in all organs and tissues (both in the extracellular and intracellular space). Amount in shilajit 0.003 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 0.4-1.5 mg.

Arsenic interacts with thiol proteins, cysteine, glutathione, and lipoic acid. It affects oxidation processes in mitochondria. It is a part of numerous biochemical processes. Body content 15 mg. It is distributed in lungs, liver, skin, small intestine. It is primarily deposited in reticuloendothelial system. Amount in shilajit 0.8 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 50-100 0g/day.

Selenium. As an antioxidant it neutralizes the effects of free radicals, such as lipid peroxidation and, thereby, preventing formation of tumors. It also participates in the formation and maintenance of the structure of cell membranes. It also maintains transmembrane gradients of cations. Selenium counteracts toxicity of some heavy metals. It is also involved in the process of photosensitization. The body content and distribution in the body are not known. Amount in shilajit 0.05 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 0.04-0.10 mg.

Rubidium activates enzymes, inhibits prostaglandins PGE1, PGE2 and PGE2-alpha, possesses antihistaminic properties and has a neurotropic effect due to a competitive interaction with potassium ions. Body content 1 g. Rubidium accumulates in intracellular fluid. It is also distributed in the brain, skeletal muscles, bones, ovaries, lungs, soft tissues, and placenta. Amount in shilajit 0.12 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 0.1 mg.

Strontium. Participation in the bone tissue formation makes this element biologically significant. The combination of strontium and molybdenum has anticariogenic effect. Body content 0.024%/100 g of dry weight. The element is distributed in bone and connective tissues. Amount in shilajit 0.3-0.4 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 7-50 mg/l.

Yttrium. The biological effect, body content and distribution have not been studied. Amount in shilajit 0.01-0.02 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.

Zirconium. It is considered biologically and physiologically inert. Body content about 1 mg. It is stored in the spleen, lungs, kidneys, muscles and hair. Amount in shilajit 0.1-0.2 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 0.05 mg.

Niobium. The biological effect, body content and distribution have not been studied. Amount in shilajit 0.01-0.02 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.

Molybdenum activates some enzymes, purine metabolism, boosts the action of alkaline phosphatase. It also contributes to the release of iron from ferritin. Body content 0.3-7 0g/100 ml. It is distributed in the liver, kidneys, retinal pigment epithelium. Amount in shilajit 0.003-0.004 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 0.1-0.5 mg.

Silver is a bactericide, as white blood cells may phagocytize silver and deliver it to the inflamed area. Silver facilitates higher nervous activity processes as well as functions of peripheral nervous system. Body content 20 0g/100 g of dry weight. It is distributed in all organs. The largest amounts are stored in brain, lungs, liver, red blood cells, photopigments of the retina, pituitary gland and endocrine glands. Amount in shilajit 0.01-0.03 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 1-80 0g.

Cadmium. Interacts with iron and copper. It can have an adverse effect on vascular structure of testicles. The body content has not been studied. The element is distributed in the kidneys and liver. Amount in shilajit 0.28 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.

Indium. The biological effect, body content and distribution have not been studied. Amount in shilajit 0.02 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.

Tin is a constituent of a stomach enzyme called gastrin. Tin also affects the action of flavin enzymes as well as processes of growth. Body content 0.5-4.0 0g/g. It is stored in bones, kidneys, heart, small intestine and brain. Amount in shilajit 0.1-0.3 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 2-10 mg/day.

Iodine is a constituent of thyroid gland hormones. Body content 10-15 mg. 99% of the entire iodine is found in thyroid gland. Amount in shilajit 1.5 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 100-200 0g.

As cesium is analogous to potassium, it can act as a substitute for the equivalent amount of potassium. Cesium activates numerous enzymes. Body content has not been studied. It is distributed in intracellular fluid. Amount in shilajit 7.0 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.

Barium causes consolidation of tissues. The element also has a profound effect on smooth muscles. Body content 20 mg. 90% of the entire barium in the body is found in the bones and teeth. Most of it is stored in the brain, muscles, spleen and crystalline lens. Amount in shilajit 0.3-0.4 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 0.3-1 mg.

Lanthanum is capable of replacing calcium in the bones and forming complexes with organic ligands (hydrocarbons, amino acids, oxyacids, nucleotides, phosphatides and vitamins). It enhances phagocytic activity of the white blood cells. Lanthanum inhibits the development of cells liable for disruption and resorption of bone tissue. Lanthanum has anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory effect, and it also possesses antitumor properties. Body content 0.1 mg. It is stored in spleen, and minuscule amounts are found in dentin and enamel of the teeth. Amount in shilajit 0.06-0.08 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.

Platinum. The biological effect, body content and distribution have not been studied. Amount in shilajit 0.003 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.

Gold is a constituent of metalloproteins. It interacts with copper and proteases that hydrolyze collagen, with elastase and other active components of connective tissue. It participates in the binding of hormones in the tissues. Body content about 10 mg. It is stored in bones, liver and kidneys. Amount in shilajit 0.003 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.

Mercury has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and disinfectant effect. Body content 2.7 0g/g. It is stored in all organs and tissues. Kidneys, hair, nails and skin demonstrate the highest concentration of mercury. Amount in shilajit 0.2 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 1-5 0g/day.

Lead. A diet that is very rich in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc decrease the absorption of lead. Deficiencies in iron and the elements mentioned above, may increase the amount of lead absorbed. Body content about 2 mg/kg. Men retain lead longer than women. Amount in shilajit 0.05-0.06 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 10-20 0g/day.

Bismuth induces synthesis of low molecular weight proteins. The element is a constituent of bone tissue. It also forms inclusion bodies in the epithelium of kidney tubules. Body content up to 1 0g/g. It is stored in liver, kidneys, spleen, bones and brain. Amount in shilajit 0.01-0.05 mg/100 g. Daily requirement 5-20 0g.

Cerium. Due to the affinity with phosphates, cerium binds minerals to itself without structure changes of hydroxyapatites that constitute bone tissue. Cerium forms complexes with organic ligands (hydrocarbons, amino acids, oxyacids, nucleotides, phosphatides and vitamins). It enhances phagocytic activity of the white blood cells. Cerium inhibits the development of cells liable for disruption and resorption of bone tissue. Cerium has anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory effect, and it also possesses antitumor properties. Body content 0.1 mg/kg. It is stored in spleen, and tiny amounts are found in dentin and enamel of the teeth. Amount in shilajit 0.1 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.

Ytterbium. Due to the affinity with phosphates, ytterbium binds minerals to itself without structure changes of hydroxyapatites that constitute bone tissue. Ytterbium forms complexes with organic ligands (hydrocarbons, amino acids, oxyacids, nucleotides, phosphatides and vitamins). It enhances phagocytic activity of the white blood cells. Ytterbium inhibits the development of cells liable for disruption and resorption of bone tissue. Ytterbium has anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory effect, and it also possesses antitumor properties. Body content 0.1 mg/kg. It is stored in spleen, and tiny amounts are found in dentin and enamel of the teeth. Amount in shilajit 0.003 mg/100 g. Daily requirement is not determined.